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Glossary

The vocabulary of business insurance, clearly explained

Terminology of the insurance contract and the insurance programme of a company. Each entry includes the definition of the term, the rule that regulates it when it exists and the effect it has on a policy. It also includes the specific vocabulary of international programmes: master policy, admitted local policies, DIC and DIL clauses and premium taxation.

159 términos · página 1 de 7

Accident

Event of violent, sudden, external cause beyond the insured's will that causes bodily or material damage.

Art. 100 of Law 50/1980, Insurance ContractIn practice
Collective agreement accidents

Accident insurance that many collective agreements require to be contracted for the entire workforce, with sums insured set in the agreement itself.

In practice
Direct action of the injured party

Right of the person who has suffered damage to claim compensation directly from the insurer of the responsible party, without going through them.

Art. 76 of Law 50/1980, Insurance ContractIn practice
Actuary

Professional who applies statistical and financial methods to the calculation of premiums, provisions and solvency of an insurer.

In practice
Insurance agent

Mediator who distributes insurance on behalf of one or several insurers, with whom they maintain an agency contract.

Real Decreto-ley 3/2020, de distribución de segurosIn practice
Aggravation of risk

Change in declared circumstances that increases the probability or intensity of the claim. The policyholder must communicate it as soon as possible.

Arts. 11 to 13 of Law 50/1980, Insurance ContractIn practice
Mitigation of damage

Obligation of the insured to take measures to reduce the consequences of the claim.

Art. 17 of Law 50/1980, Insurance Contract ActIn practice
Objective analysis

Obligation of the broker to advise based on a sufficient number of market contracts and with professional, not commercial, criteria.

Real Decreto-ley 3/2020, de distribución de segurosIn practice
Insured

Holder of the interest exposed to the risk. May or may not coincide with the policyholder, who is the one who signs the contract and pays the premium.

Art. 7 of Law 50/1980, Insurance ContractIn practice
First demand guaranteeFirst demand bond

Guarantee that obliges the insurer to pay upon the simple request of the beneficiary, without discussing the underlying relationship.

In practice
Machinery breakdown

Cover that protects against sudden internal damage to equipment due to mechanical, electrical, or operational causes, without an external claim.

In practice
General averageGeneral average

Proportional distribution between ship and shippers of the sacrifice or extraordinary expense made to save the maritime expedition.

In practice
Compensation scale

Legal system for assessing personal injuries, mandatory in traffic accidents and used as a reference in the rest.

Law 35/2015, reform of the damage assessment systemIn practice
Claims made basisClaims basis

System by which the policy covers claims made during its validity, regardless of when the event occurred, within the agreed retroactivity.

Art. 73, second paragraph, of Law 50/1980, Insurance Contract ActIn practice
Beneficiary

Person designated to receive the benefit. In life insurance, their designation can be modified at any time unless expressly waived by the policyholder.

Arts. 84 to 89 of Law 50/1980, Insurance ContractIn practice
Bonus-malus

System that adjusts the renewal premium based on the claims recorded in previous years.

In practice
Good faithUberrimae fidei

Principle that obliges both parties to inform each other with loyalty: the policyholder about the real risk and the insurer about the scope of what is offered.

In practice
Market capacity

Volume of risk that the group of insurers and reinsurers is willing to assume in a branch and at a given time.

In practice
Waiting period

Initial period during which certain guarantees are not yet enforceable.

In practice
Cash before cover

Rule in force in several countries whereby cover does not commence until the premium has been effectively paid.

In practice
CaptiveCaptive company · Captive

Insurer or reinsurer owned by the business group itself, created to orderly retain part of its risk.

In practice
Cyber extortion

Cover that responds to negotiation, advice, and, when the law permits, the payment demanded to recover hijacked systems or data.

In practice
Credit classificationCredit limit

Maximum amount that the credit insurer agrees to cover for a specific client, reviewable at any time.

In practice
Leasing clauseFinancial entity clause

Designation of the financial lessor or mortgage creditor as the preferred beneficiary of the compensation on the financed asset.

Art. 40 of Law 50/1980, Insurance ContractIn practice
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